// iosfwd standard header
#pragma once
#ifndef _IOSFWD_
#define _IOSFWD_
#ifndef RC_INVOKED
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cwchar>
#include <xstddef>

#include <crtdbg.h>

 #pragma pack(push,_CRT_PACKING)
 #pragma warning(push,_STL_WARNING_LEVEL)
 #pragma warning(disable: _STL_DISABLED_WARNINGS)
 #pragma push_macro("new")
 #undef new

_STD_BEGIN
		// STREAM POSITIONING TYPES (from <streambuf>)
using streamoff = long long;
using streamsize = long long;

  #ifdef _M_CEE_PURE
extern const streamoff _BADOFF;

  #else /* _M_CEE_PURE */
extern _CRTDATA2_IMPORT _PGLOBAL const streamoff _BADOFF;
  #endif /* _M_CEE_PURE */

		// CLASS TEMPLATE fpos (from <streambuf>)
template<class _Statetype>
	class fpos
	{	// store arbitrary file position
public:
	__CLR_OR_THIS_CALL fpos(streamoff _Off = 0)
		: _Myoff(_Off), _Fpos(0), _Mystate()
		{	// construct with stream offset
		}

	__CLR_OR_THIS_CALL fpos(_Statetype _State, fpos_t _Fileposition)
		: _Myoff(0), _Fpos(_Fileposition), _Mystate(_State)
		{	// construct with conversion state and C file position
		}

	_Statetype __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL state() const
		{	// return conversion state
		return (_Mystate);
		}

	void __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL state(_Statetype _State)
		{	// set conversion state
		_Mystate = _State;
		}

	fpos_t __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL seekpos() const
		{	// return C file position
		return (_Fpos);
		}

	__CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator streamoff() const
		{	// return offset
		return (_Myoff + _Fpos);
		}

	streamoff __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator-(const fpos& _Right) const
		{	// return difference of file positions as an offset
		return ((streamoff)*this - (streamoff)_Right);
		}

	fpos& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator+=(streamoff _Off)
		{	// add offset
		_Myoff += _Off;
		return (*this);
		}

	fpos& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator-=(streamoff _Off)
		{	// subtract offset
		_Myoff -= _Off;
		return (*this);
		}

	fpos __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator+(streamoff _Off) const
		{	// return this + offset
		fpos _Tmp = *this;
		return (_Tmp += _Off);
		}

	fpos __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator-(streamoff _Off) const
		{	// return this - offset
		fpos _Tmp = *this;
		return (_Tmp -= _Off);
		}

	bool __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator==(const fpos& _Right) const
		{	// test for file position equality
		return ((streamoff)*this == (streamoff)_Right);
		}

	bool __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator==(streamoff _Right) const
		{	// test for file position equality with streamoff
		return ((streamoff)*this == _Right);
		}

	bool __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL operator!=(const fpos& _Right) const
		{	// test for file position inequality
		return (!(*this == _Right));
		}

private:
	streamoff _Myoff;	// stream offset
	fpos_t _Fpos;	// C file position
	_Statetype _Mystate;	// current conversion state
	};

 #define _POS_TYPE_FROM_STATE(postype, state, position) postype(state, position)
 #define _POS_TYPE_TO_FPOS_T(pos) pos.seekpos()
 #define _POS_TYPE_TO_STATE(pos) pos.state()

using streampos = fpos<_Mbstatet>;

using wstreampos = streampos;

		// STRUCT TEMPLATE _Char_traits (FROM <string>)
template<class _Elem,
	class _Int_type>
	struct _Char_traits
	{	// properties of a string or stream element
	using char_type = _Elem;
	using int_type = _Int_type;
	using pos_type = streampos;
	using off_type = streamoff;
	using state_type = _Mbstatet;

	static int compare(_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * _First1,
		_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * _First2, size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// compare [_First1, _First1 + _Count) with [_First2, ...)
		for (; 0 < _Count; --_Count, ++_First1, ++_First2)
			{
			if (*_First1 != *_First2)
				{
				return (*_First1 < *_First2 ? -1 : +1);
				}
			}

		return (0);
		}

	static size_t length(_In_z_ const _Elem * _First) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// find length of null-terminated sequence
		size_t _Count = 0;
		while (*_First != _Elem())
			{
			++_Count;
			++_First;
			}

		return (_Count);
		}

	static _Elem * copy(_Out_writes_all_(_Count) _Elem * const _First1,
		_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * _First2, size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// copy [_First2, _First2 + _Count) to [_First1, ...)
		return (static_cast<_Elem *>(_CSTD memcpy(_First1, _First2, _Count * sizeof(_Elem))));
		}

	_Pre_satisfies_(_Dest_size >= _Count) static _Elem * _Copy_s(
		_Out_writes_all_(_Dest_size) _Elem * const _First1, const size_t _Dest_size,
		_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * const _First2, const size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// copy [_First2, _First2 + _Count) to [_First1, _First1 + _Dest_size)
		_SCL_SECURE_CRT_VALIDATE(_Count <= _Dest_size, nullptr);
		return (copy(_First1, _First2, _Count));
		}

	static const _Elem * find(_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * _First,
		size_t _Count, const _Elem& _Ch) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// look for _Ch in [_First, _First + _Count)
		for (; 0 < _Count; --_Count, ++_First)
			{
			if (*_First == _Ch)
				{
				return (_First);
				}
			}

		return (nullptr);
		}

	static _Elem * move(_Out_writes_all_(_Count) _Elem * const _First1,
		_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * _First2, size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// copy [_First2, _First2 + _Count) to [_First1, ...), allowing overlap
		return (static_cast<_Elem *>(_CSTD memmove(_First1, _First2, _Count * sizeof(_Elem))));
		}

	static _Elem * assign(_Out_writes_all_(_Count) _Elem * const _First,
		size_t _Count, const _Elem _Ch) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// assign _Count * _Ch to [_First, ...)
		_Elem * _Next = _First;
		for (; 0 < _Count; --_Count, ++_Next)
			{
			*_Next = _Ch;
			}

		return (_First);
		}

	static void assign(_Elem& _Left, const _Elem& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// assign an element
		_Left = _Right;
		}

	static constexpr bool eq(const _Elem& _Left, const _Elem& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// test for element equality
		return (_Left == _Right);
		}

	static constexpr bool lt(const _Elem& _Left, const _Elem& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// test if _Left precedes _Right
		return (_Left < _Right);
		}

	static constexpr _Elem to_char_type(const int_type& _Meta) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// convert metacharacter to character
		return (static_cast<_Elem>(_Meta));
		}

	static constexpr int_type to_int_type(const _Elem& _Ch) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// convert character to metacharacter
		return (static_cast<int_type>(_Ch));
		}

	static constexpr bool eq_int_type(const int_type& _Left, const int_type& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// test for metacharacter equality
		return (_Left == _Right);
		}

	static constexpr int_type not_eof(const int_type& _Meta) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// return anything but EOF
		return (_Meta != eof() ? _Meta : !eof());
		}

	static constexpr int_type eof() _NOEXCEPT
		{	// return end-of-file metacharacter
		return (static_cast<int_type>(EOF));
		}
	};

		// STRUCT TEMPLATE _WChar_traits
template<class _Elem>
	struct _WChar_traits
	{	// char_traits for the char16_t-likes: char16_t, wchar_t, unsigned short
	using char_type = _Elem;
	using int_type = unsigned short;
	using pos_type = streampos;
	using off_type = streamoff;
	using state_type = _Mbstatet;

	static int compare(_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * const _First1,
			_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * const _First2, const size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// compare [_First1, _First1 + _Count) with [_First2, ...)
		return (_CSTD wmemcmp(reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t *>(_First1),
			reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t *>(_First2), _Count));
		}

	static size_t length(_In_z_ const _Elem * _First) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// find length of null-terminated sequence
		return (_CSTD wcslen(reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t *>(_First)));
		}

	static _Elem * copy(_Out_writes_all_(_Count) _Elem * const _First1,
			_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * const _First2, const size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// copy [_First2, _First2 + _Count) to [_First1, ...)
		return (reinterpret_cast<_Elem *>(_CSTD wmemcpy(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t *>(_First1),
			reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t *>(_First2), _Count)));
		}

	_Pre_satisfies_(_Size_in_words >= _Count) static _Elem * _Copy_s(
			_Out_writes_all_(_Size_in_words) _Elem * const _First1, const size_t _Size_in_words,
			_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * const _First2, const size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// copy [_First2, _First2 + _Count) to [_First1, ...)
		_CRT_SECURE_WMEMCPY(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t *>(_First1), _Size_in_words,
			reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t *>(_First2), _Count);
		return (_First1);
		}

	static const _Elem * find(_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * _First,
			const size_t _Count, const _Elem& _Ch) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// look for _Ch in [_First, _First + _Count)
		return (reinterpret_cast<const _Elem *>(_CSTD wmemchr(
			reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t *>(_First), _Ch, _Count)));
		}

	static _Elem * move(_Out_writes_all_(_Count) _Elem * const _First1,
			_In_reads_(_Count) const _Elem * const _First2, const size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// copy [_First2, _First2 + _Count) to [_First1, ...)
		return (reinterpret_cast<_Elem *>(_CSTD wmemmove(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t *>(_First1),
			reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t *>(_First2), _Count)));
		}

	static _Elem * assign(_Out_writes_all_(_Count) _Elem * const _First, size_t _Count, _Elem _Ch)
			_NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// assign _Count * _Ch to [_First, ...)
		return (reinterpret_cast<_Elem *>(_CSTD wmemset(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t *>(_First), _Ch, _Count)));
		}

	static void assign(_Elem& _Left, const _Elem& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// assign an element
		_Left = _Right;
		}

	static constexpr bool eq(const _Elem& _Left, const _Elem& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// test for element equality
		return (_Left == _Right);
		}

	static constexpr bool lt(const _Elem& _Left, const _Elem& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// test if _Left precedes _Right
		return (_Left < _Right);
		}

	static constexpr _Elem to_char_type(const int_type& _Meta) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// convert metacharacter to character
		return (_Meta);
		}

	static constexpr int_type to_int_type(const _Elem& _Ch) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// convert character to metacharacter
		return (_Ch);
		}

	static constexpr bool eq_int_type(const int_type& _Left, const int_type& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// test for metacharacter equality
		return (_Left == _Right);
		}

	static constexpr int_type not_eof(const int_type& _Meta) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// return anything but EOF
		return (_Meta != eof() ? _Meta : !eof());
		}

	static constexpr int_type eof() _NOEXCEPT
		{	// return end-of-file metacharacter
		return (WEOF);
		}
	};

		// STRUCT TEMPLATE char_traits
template<class _Elem>
	struct char_traits
		: _Char_traits<_Elem, long>
	{	// properties of a string or stream unknown element
	};

		// STRUCT char_traits<char16_t>
template<>
	struct char_traits<char16_t>
		: _WChar_traits<char16_t>
	{	// properties of a string or stream char16_t element
	};

using u16streampos = streampos;

		// STRUCT char_traits<char32_t>
template<>
	struct char_traits<char32_t>
		: _Char_traits<char32_t, unsigned int>
	{	// properties of a string or stream char32_t element
	};

using u32streampos = streampos;

		// STRUCT char_traits<wchar_t>
template<>
	struct char_traits<wchar_t>
		: _WChar_traits<wchar_t>
	{	// properties of a string or stream wchar_t element
	};

 #ifdef _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED
		// STRUCT char_traits<unsigned short>
template<>
	struct char_traits<unsigned short>
		: _WChar_traits<unsigned short>
	{	// properties of a string or stream unsigned short element
	};
 #endif /* _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED */

		// STRUCT char_traits<char> (FROM <string>)
template<> struct char_traits<char>
	{	// properties of a string or stream char element
	using char_type = char;
	using int_type = int;
	using pos_type = streampos;
	using off_type = streamoff;
	using state_type = _Mbstatet;

	static int compare(_In_reads_(_Count) const char * const _First1,
		_In_reads_(_Count) const char * const _First2, const size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// compare [_First1, _First1 + _Count) with [_First2, ...)
		return (_CSTD memcmp(_First1, _First2, _Count));
		}

	static size_t length(_In_z_ const char * const _First) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// find length of null-terminated string
		return (_CSTD strlen(_First));
		}

	static char * copy(_Out_writes_(_Count) char * const _First1,
		_In_reads_(_Count) const char * const _First2, const size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// copy [_First2, _First2 + _Count) to [_First1, ...)
		return (static_cast<char *>(_CSTD memcpy(_First1, _First2, _Count)));
		}

	_Pre_satisfies_(_Size_in_bytes >= _Count) static char * _Copy_s(
		_Out_writes_all_(_Size_in_bytes) char * const _First1, const size_t _Size_in_bytes,
		_In_reads_(_Count) const char * const _First2, const size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// copy [_First2, _First2 + _Count) to [_First1, ...)
		_CRT_SECURE_MEMCPY(_First1, _Size_in_bytes, _First2, _Count);
		return (_First1);
		}

	static const char * find(_In_reads_(_Count) const char * const _First,
		const size_t _Count, const char& _Ch) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// look for _Ch in [_First, _First + _Count)
		return (static_cast<const char *>(_CSTD memchr(_First, _Ch, _Count)));
		}

	static char * move(_Out_writes_all_(_Count) char * const _First1,
		_In_reads_(_Count) const char * const _First2, const size_t _Count) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// copy [_First2, _First2 + _Count) to [_First1, ...)
		return (static_cast<char *>(_CSTD memmove(_First1, _First2, _Count)));
		}

	static char * assign(_Out_writes_all_(_Count) char * const _First,
		const size_t _Count, const char _Ch) _NOEXCEPT // strengthened
		{	// assign _Count * _Ch to [_First, ...)
		return (static_cast<char *>(_CSTD memset(_First, _Ch, _Count)));
		}

	static void assign(char& _Left, const char& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// assign an element
		_Left = _Right;
		}

	static constexpr bool eq(const char& _Left, const char& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// test for element equality
		return (_Left == _Right);
		}

	static constexpr bool lt(const char& _Left, const char& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// test if _Left precedes _Right
		return (static_cast<unsigned char>(_Left) < static_cast<unsigned char>(_Right));
		}

	static constexpr char to_char_type(const int_type& _Meta) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// convert metacharacter to character
		return (static_cast<char>(_Meta));
		}

	static constexpr int_type to_int_type(const char& _Ch) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// convert character to metacharacter
		return (static_cast<unsigned char>(_Ch));
		}

	static constexpr bool eq_int_type(const int_type& _Left, const int_type& _Right) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// test for metacharacter equality
		return (_Left == _Right);
		}

	static constexpr int_type not_eof(const int_type& _Meta) _NOEXCEPT
		{	// return anything but EOF
		return (_Meta != eof() ? _Meta : !eof());
		}

	static constexpr int_type eof() _NOEXCEPT
		{	// return end-of-file metacharacter
		return (EOF);
		}
	};

		// FORWARD REFERENCES
template<class _Ty>
	class allocator;
class ios_base;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class basic_ios;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class istreambuf_iterator;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class ostreambuf_iterator;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class basic_streambuf;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class basic_istream;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class basic_ostream;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class basic_iostream;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>,
	class _Alloc = allocator<_Elem>>
	class basic_stringbuf;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>,
	class _Alloc = allocator<_Elem>>
	class basic_istringstream;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>,
	class _Alloc = allocator<_Elem>>
	class basic_ostringstream;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>,
	class _Alloc = allocator<_Elem>>
	class basic_stringstream;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class basic_filebuf;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class basic_ifstream;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class basic_ofstream;
template<class _Elem,
	class _Traits = char_traits<_Elem>>
	class basic_fstream;

 #if defined(_DLL_CPPLIB)
template<class _Elem,
	class _InIt >
	class num_get;
template<class _Elem,
	class _OutIt >
	class num_put;
template<class _Elem>
	class collate;
 #endif /* defined(_DLL_CPPLIB) */

		// char TYPEDEFS
using ios = basic_ios<char, char_traits<char>>;
using streambuf = basic_streambuf<char, char_traits<char>>;
using istream = basic_istream<char, char_traits<char>>;
using ostream = basic_ostream<char, char_traits<char>>;
using iostream = basic_iostream<char, char_traits<char>>;
using stringbuf = basic_stringbuf<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char>>;
using istringstream = basic_istringstream<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char>>;
using ostringstream = basic_ostringstream<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char>>;
using stringstream = basic_stringstream<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char>>;
using filebuf = basic_filebuf<char, char_traits<char>>;
using ifstream = basic_ifstream<char, char_traits<char>>;
using ofstream = basic_ofstream<char, char_traits<char>>;
using fstream = basic_fstream<char, char_traits<char>>;

		// wchar_t TYPEDEFS
using wios = basic_ios<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
using wstreambuf = basic_streambuf<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
using wistream = basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
using wostream = basic_ostream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
using wiostream = basic_iostream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
using wstringbuf = basic_stringbuf<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>, allocator<wchar_t>>;
using wistringstream = basic_istringstream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>, allocator<wchar_t>>;
using wostringstream = basic_ostringstream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>, allocator<wchar_t>>;
using wstringstream = basic_stringstream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>, allocator<wchar_t>>;
using wfilebuf = basic_filebuf<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
using wifstream = basic_ifstream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
using wofstream = basic_ofstream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;
using wfstream = basic_fstream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>>;

 #if defined(_CRTBLD)
		// unsigned short TYPEDEFS
using ushistream = basic_istream<unsigned short, char_traits<unsigned short>>;
using ushostream = basic_ostream<unsigned short, char_traits<unsigned short>>;
using ushfilebuf = basic_filebuf<unsigned short, char_traits<unsigned short>>;
 #endif /* defined(_CRTBLD) */
_STD_END

 #pragma pop_macro("new")
 #pragma warning(pop)
 #pragma pack(pop)
#endif /* RC_INVOKED */
#endif /* _IOSFWD_ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) by P.J. Plauger. All rights reserved.
 * Consult your license regarding permissions and restrictions.
V6.50:0009 */
