print("-------一、Python 的 Magic Method ----")

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

class User(object):
    pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(dir(User()))


print("-------二、构造(__new__)和初始化(__init__)----")

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

class User(object):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name;
        self.age = age;

user=User('两点水',23)

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

class User(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        # 打印 __new__方法中的相关信息
        print('调用了 def __new__ 方法')
        print(args)
        # 最后返回父类的方法
        return super(User, cls).__new__(cls)

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        print('调用了 def __init__ 方法')
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

if __name__ == '__main__':
    usr = User('两点水', 23)

print("-------三、属性的访问控制----")
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

class User(object):
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        print('调用了 __getattr__ 方法')
        return super(User, self).__getattr__(name)

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        print('调用了 __setattr__ 方法')
        return super(User, self).__setattr__(name, value)

    def __delattr__(self, name):
        print('调用了 __delattr__ 方法')
        return super(User, self).__delattr__(name)

    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        print('调用了 __getattribute__ 方法')
        return super(User, self).__getattribute__(name)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    user = User()
    # 设置属性值，会调用 __setattr__
    user.attr1 = True
    # 属性存在,只有__getattribute__调用
    user.attr1
    try:
        # 属性不存在, 先调用__getattribute__, 后调用__getattr__
        user.attr2
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    # __delattr__调用
    del user.attr1

print("-------四、对象的描述器----")

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

class User(object):
    def __init__(self, name='两点水', sex='男'):
        self.sex = sex
        self.name = name

    def __get__(self, obj, objtype):
        print('获取 name 值')
        return self.name

    def __set__(self, obj, val):
        print('设置 name 值')
        self.name = val

class MyClass(object):
    x = User('两点水', '男')
    y = 5

if __name__ == '__main__':
    m = MyClass()
    print(m.x)

    print('\n')

    m.x = '三点水'
    print(m.x)

    print('\n')

    print(m.x)

    print('\n')

    print(m.y)


#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

class Meter(object):
    def __init__(self, value=0.0):
        self.value = float(value)

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        return self.value

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        self.value = float(value)

class Foot(object):
    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        return instance.meter * 3.2808

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        instance.meter = float(value) / 3.2808

class Distance(object):
    meter = Meter()
    foot = Foot()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    d = Distance()
    print(d.meter, d.foot)
    d.meter = 1
    print(d.meter, d.foot)
    d.meter = 2
    print(d.meter, d.foot)



print("-------五、自定义容器（Container）----")

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

class FunctionalList:
    ''' 实现了内置类型list的功能,并丰富了一些其他方法: head, tail, init, last, drop, take'''

    def __init__(self, values=None):
        if values is None:
            self.values = []
        else:
            self.values = values

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.values)

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.values[key]

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self.values[key] = value

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        del self.values[key]

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.values)

    def __reversed__(self):
        return FunctionalList(reversed(self.values))

    def append(self, value):
        self.values.append(value)

    def head(self):
        # 获取第一个元素
        return self.values[0]

    def tail(self):
        # 获取第一个元素之后的所有元素
        return self.values[1:]

    def init(self):
        # 获取最后一个元素之前的所有元素
        return self.values[:-1]

    def last(self):
        # 获取最后一个元素
        return self.values[-1]

    def drop(self, n):
        # 获取所有元素，除了前N个
        return self.values[n:]

    def take(self, n):
        # 获取前N个元素
        return self.values[:n]
        

print("-------六、运算符相关的魔术方法----")

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

class Number(object):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def __eq__(self, other):
        print('__eq__')
        return self.value == other.value

    def __ne__(self, other):
        print('__ne__')
        return self.value != other.value

    def __lt__(self, other):
        print('__lt__')
        return self.value < other.value

    def __gt__(self, other):
        print('__gt__')
        return self.value > other.value

    def __le__(self, other):
        print('__le__')
        return self.value <= other.value

    def __ge__(self, other):
        print('__ge__')
        return self.value >= other.value

if __name__ == '__main__':
    num1 = Number(2)
    num2 = Number(3)
    print('num1 == num2 ? --------> {} \n'.format(num1 == num2))
    print('num1 != num2 ? --------> {} \n'.format(num1 == num2))
    print('num1 < num2 ? --------> {} \n'.format(num1 < num2))
    print('num1 > num2 ? --------> {} \n'.format(num1 > num2))
    print('num1 <= num2 ? --------> {} \n'.format(num1 <= num2))
    print('num1 >= num2 ? --------> {} \n'.format(num1 >= num2))